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LCD displays: why, how and what Print
Written by Mark Webster   
Thursday, 01 May 2003
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NZ Macguide Issue 9

I've been a luddite unconvinced by LCDs. Sure, they are skinny, cute, high-tech and free your desk up. They are getting cheaper every month but to me, they looked kind of brittle, uncompromising and besides, they all had that slight stipple to the surface like satin photo prints - a nice feel, but glossy's going to reproduce the detail better. I happily work on images in Photoshop on my good old fashioned Philips' CRT.

However, it's become obvious that, with the industrial king-hitters in the marketplace, it's time LCDs got serious consideration.

The CRT has been refined over many decades - most TVs are still Cathode Ray Tubes, after all. These days a classy CRT features fine dot pitch and high resolution. Although staring into light emitted into your eyes all day long isn't ideal, the higher the resolution and contrast the less wearisome the experience. While 'ideal' to my mind is a screen that resembles paper - reflectionless, non-light-emitting, thin and flexible - that's still years off, and while TV manufacturers may play with other new technologies, we in the computing world are heading for the decade of the Liquid Crystal Display.

Why?
There's that space thing. You get so much desk space back, you can easily fit in the extra width of the bigger LCDs. And there's that 'cute' thing; looking good in high-tech environments - but LCD monitors have other advantages, too: totally flat screens, no beamed rays as in CRTs to create distortion in the far corners, a lot less weight, no fatigue-causing flicker (wave your hand in front of a CRT and watch it judder, then wave it in front an LCD), plus LCDs use a lot less power (around 25% of CRTs - be mindful of those looming power cuts). And there is much less harmful radiation, if any. It's all pretty convincing, and a good LCD displays such high definition that images almost look more three-dimensional, and not less.

Finally, people say games look better with good screens and pumped-up video cards. W-e-l-l ... it's true. No One Lives Forever looks OK on a 450MHz G4 with a 16MB video card, but it's a whole different world on a dualie with a fast 64MB card - but note: LCD displays can produce a little smearing as objects move quickly, so check pixel response time if you primarily want an LCD display for gaming or motion editing (many CRTs can handle fast motion better). A 40ms response time won't really cut it for fast motion.

Test machines - DVI monitors: Mac 1.250GHz G4 running OS 10.2.3 with 768MB RAM, ATI Radeon 9000 Pro video card with 64MB of DDR SDRAM. VGA monitors: Mac G3 blue and white DVD 400MHz 576MB RAM, with an ATI rage 128 video card running OS 9.2 .

Buying an LCD monitor - The technical lingo

Size and angle: look at the screen size you think you need, and make sure the product's quoted viewing angle is good enough - LCDs use polarisation so the viewing angle is important: if it's too narrow, colours and brightness will shift as you move your head - not so important for email and typing, but very important for graphics.

Dead pixels: LCDs are not easy to manufacture, and occasionally they will contain 'dead' (fixed at one colour) pixels. The official ISO 13406 standard quoted by many manufacturers allows for between two and five faulty pixels per million. On a 1280 x 1024-pixel resolution screen, this could mean up to seven. If it's too much or in an inconvenient place, don't buy it.

Digital connections: LCD technology is controlled to perfection digitally - it doesn't require analogue signals (as in VGA) to focus electron guns on a phosphor-coated glass surface. The common LCD connection standard is DVI-D, a digital-only standard for connecting the monitor to a DVI port on your Mac's graphics card, and the other is the more versatile DVI-I interface supporting both digital and analogue. With an adaptor, you can connect LCD monitors to your older VGA port - not ideal, but allows LCD compatibility on older Macs.

Another solution is Apple's dedicated connector called ADC (Apple Display Connector). This is a one-cable connector that carries digital video and the electric current to power the monitor plus powered, upstream USB for handy extra ports. Apple and Formac displays with ADC need only a single cable so you can plug in your keyboard and mouse directly to the monitor - better, it's a grab-release - it does away with those stupid screw-in thingies.

Your Mac: older Macs only have VGA ports. Early G4 models can be upgraded with graphics cards that have DVI ports. Later G3s and G4s are fitted with an ADC and a VGA port while the most recent G4s have one ADC and one DVI port. Yes, most of these handle two displays out of the box.

Video cards: the top end monitors - 19 inches and bigger - require serious video cards - with some Macs you can add beefed up cards. Expect to require video cards with 64MB of video RAM to drive the bigger LCDs.

On-screen controls: digital video doesn't need image control in the same way as CRT and analogue LCD monitors, as resolution is preset in the actual pixels (which explains the degradation if you want to run an LCD at less than its top resolution). Issues such as image size and pincushioning become irrelevant. However, most LCD support analogue signals with 'phase' and 'clock' controls, which let you compensate for frequency conflicts with the actual rows and columns of pixels. Others just offer the option of increasing or decreasing brightness. An LCD wired with a VGA port is usually more controllable, but with DVI and a good monitor many controls become irrelevant.

Tilt and swivel: this can be very handy - the Apple and Formac monitors can only be moved physically or tilted, so keep this in mind if your workstation isn't ideally set up. Other monitors sometimes have support for wall or bracket mounting using the VESA standard. Smaller monitors benefit from high stands.


Apple High Definition Cinema 23-inch

Apple HD DisplayAt first I was a bit disappointed with this screen. The pixels were all chunky from 5mm away and there was a distortion like drool down the side and ... it is drool? I have to stop hugging it now? Oh, sorry ...

When things settled down after a nice cup of tea, I reconsidered this majestic monitor, for that's the only way to describe something so well engineered and so breathtakingly big! After I stopped rolling my office chair from one side to the other to look at different documents beside each other - honestly, that's what I did - I started to realise how pinpoint-sharp an LCD like this is compared to a humble CRT. Even icons took on a resolution I wouldn't have dreamed possible - for example, on my CRT the Sherlock icon is a fuzzy brown hat. On this Apple Cinema, it's distinctly plaid, woven from several colours. And that digital ADC connector ... edge to edge, pinpoint, consistent colour, no kidding.

With image manipulation in Photoshop, the 23-inch is so sharp and precise images look almost three-dimensional (it pays to set your display and software up properly in ColorSync in System Preferences). Brightness is controlled via the F14 and F15 keys on your keyboard.

Pros

  • Big
  • Beautiful
  • Excellent quality and performance

Cons

  • It's still a lot of money - sell the car?
  • One-year warranty (pay extra for more)
Recommended Retail Price
$4798 inc GST
Screen size 58.42cm viewable (23 inches) viewable
Resolution 16.7 million colours at 1920 by 1200 pixels
Dot pitch .258mm
Video requirements
Power Mac G4 with NVIDIA GeForce2 MX, GeForce3, GeForce4 MX, or GeForce4 Ti graphics card; or with an ATI Radeon 7500, 9000 Pro, or 9700 Pro graphics card, or PowerBook G4 with a DVI port and an Apple DVI to ADC Adapter (Cinema LCD requires Mac OS X v10.1.3 or Mac OS 9.2.2 or later). A second display can be used with a Power Mac G4 via the DVI port on the NVIDIA GeForce4 MX, GeForce4 Titanium, ATI Radeon 7500, Radeon 9000 Pro graphics card and the Apple DVI to ADC Adapter.
Viewing angle 170∞x170∞
Connection(s) ADC (and DVI with adaptor; also as second display)
Extra ports Powered USB 1.1 (x2)
Stand Fixed (three-point) with tilt
Contact Renaissance Ltd, Apple Computer Division (www.apple.co.nz/displays) or Resellers

 

Apple Cinema 20-inch display

Apple 20 inch displayWhen Apple released their new 20-inch display earlier this year and reduced the price of the 23-inch, things got complicated for graphics professionals. Which one? Is another three diagonal inches worth $1600?

The 20-inch certainly is a competent, sharp and attractive display. It's brighter than the 23-inch at 230 cd/m2 (compared to 200 cd/m2) and shows a two-page A4 spread at about 85% with plenty of room for working palettes. It's quick, doesn't take up quite as much space and it's lighter ... I guess it just comes down to who's paying the money and how important that extra brightness is.

Pros

  • Another great Apple monitor
  • Cheaper and brighter than the 23-inch

Cons

  • It isn't 23-inches
  • One-year warranty (pay extra for more)
Recommended Retail Price
$3161 inc GST
Screen size 50.8cm (20 inches) viewable
Resolution

16.7 million colours at 1680 by 1050 pixels

Dot pitch .258mm
Video requirements
Video requirements Power Mac G4 with NVIDIA GeForce2 MX, GeForce3, GeForce4 MX or GeForce4 Titanium graphics card or ATI Radeon 7500, 9000 Pro, or 9700 Pro graphics card/PowerBook G4 with a DVI port and an Apple DVI to ADC Adapter (all with OS 10.2 or later)
Viewing angle 170∞x170∞
Connection(s)

ADC (and DVI with adaptor; also as second display)

Extra ports Powered USB 1.1 (x2)
Stand Fixed (three-point) with tilt
Contact Renaissance Ltd, Apple Computer Division (www.apple.co.nz/displays) or Resellers

 

Apple Studio 17-inch

Apple 17 inch displayThe smallest sibling in the current Apple line-up is the Studio 17. It has the good looks as the bigger Apple LCD's but requires a far less powerful video card to run. It's bright and attractive, excellent for word processing and spreadsheets and some graphics work, has the same ADC connector and two powered USB ports on the back but it's not quite up to the quality of the Cinema 20 or 23 for the serious stuff and, for magazine publishing, multimedia and sound engineering, users would prefer the extra horizontal real estate of the bigger models.

With the recent price reductions it's an excellent choice for home or office and it certainly has the cachet of exquisite Apple design and engineering.

Pros

  • Looks great
  • Runs off lesser video cards

Cons

  • Lower resolution than the Cinemas
  • One-year warranty (pay extra for more)
Recommended Retail Price

$1631 + GST

Screen size 43.18cm (17 inches) viewable
Resolution 16.7 million colours at 1280 by 1024 pixels
Dot pitch .264mm
Video requirements
Mac OS X v10.2 or later and a Power Mac G4 with Apple Display Connector, or an Apple with DVI via a DVI to ADC Adapter (NZ RRP $232.87).
Viewing angle 160∞x160∞
Connection(s) ADC
Extra ports Powered USB 1.1 (x2)
Stand Fixed (three-point) with tilt
Contact Renaissance Ltd, Apple Computer Division (www.apple.co.nz/displays) or Resellers



Last Updated ( Sunday, 25 December 2005 )
 

 

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